![]() ![]() When this transition is detected, the receiving UART starts reading data.ĭata Frame : It contains the actual data being transferred. The transmitting UART pulls the transmission line from high to low for one clock cycle, indicating a transfer of data. Start Bit : When it is not transmitting data, the UART data transmission line is usually held at high voltage. The type of communication is asynchronous as the name suggests and only two devices can interact with each other at a particular time. The speed can go to 115200 baud which is 14.4 Kbps. So, for this type of communication we use two wires. ![]() Most serial communications are carried out at either TTL (transistor-transistor logic) level (0-5V) or RS-232 ( -13V ,+13V ). It should be noted that the when two devices communicate serially the RX on one is connected to the TX of other and vice-versa. When we do so, the TX and RX LEDs on the Arduino will flash indicating a transfer of data. When we call serial functions in the Arduino programming we use these pins to talk back and forth between the computer and Uno. If we look at Uno, pin 1 is the TX and pin 0 is the RX for transmitting and receiving data serially. It is one of the best things of UART that it requires just two wires ! The 5V line and ground for powering up the Arduino and other two for USART communication. The universal serial bus or USB has four pins in it : RX (receive), TX (transmit), 5V supply and the ground. Serial.read() tells the Arduino to read data coming from the computer and Serial.println() transmits data from the Arduino to the computer which is displayed on the Serial monitor. The baud rate indicates how many bits we are going to transfer in one second. Serial.begin(baud rate) function initiates the serial communication and is also used to set the data transfer rate for the communication. This data can be monitored using the Serial monitor in the IDE. ![]() Hence we can send and receive data through the USB connection. Arduino has an on board serial to USB converter so we can directly connect it to the computers. But modern computers does not include them and we need external serial to USB converter when using other micro-controllers. The communication may be simplex ( one direction only), full duplex ( both devices send and receive at the same time), half-duplex ( device takes turns to transmit and receive).įor UART communication we need COM ( for communication ) ports. At destination, a second UART re-assembles these bits into complete bytes. It takes bytes of data and transmits it in a sequential fashion. UART stands for Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter. ![]()
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